Česko-slovenská pediatrie, 2024 (vol. 79), issue 4
The role of dietary interventions in the prevention and management of type 1 diabetes
Vít Neuman, Lukáš Plachý, Štěpánka Průhová, Zdeněk Šumník
Čes-slov Pediat 2024, 79(4):187-190 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2024/033 
Nutrition and type 1 diabetes (T1D) have been closely linked even before the discovery of insulin where the dietary interventions have been part of the effort to prevent or slow the progression of the disease. Additionally, alternative dietary approaches are sought as an adjuvant therapy to insulin use. The focus is given to these dietary approaches - infant formula, gluten and its exclusion , vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids and limiting of the carbohydrate intake. The aim of this review is to summarize the scientific knowledge regarding dietary interventions in different stages of T1D.
Current procedures in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA)
Nikola Tichá, Michala Komyšáková, Barbora Obermannová
Čes-slov Pediat 2024, 79(4):191-194 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2024/042
This review article presents new developments in the management of cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) in infants and children based on the updated 2023 recommendations of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN), which focus on the preventionof ABKM.
Low fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) diet as a treatment option in paediatric patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders
Ondřej Šácha, Kristýna Zárubová
Čes-slov Pediat 2024, 79(4):195-199 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2024/043
Dietary measures based on the exclusion of fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides, and polyols (low-FODMAP diet) are increasingly being used in treating certain gastrointestinal diseases in children. The following text summarizes essential recommendations for using the low-FODMAP diet, based on the position paper of the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) issued in September 2022. It includes recommendations on initiation, duration, gradual cessation, monitoring, professional guidance, safety, and risks. Currently, there is limited evidence supporting the use of this diet in children, primarily only...
Typy domácí oxygenoterapie a přístroje pro dlouhodobou domácí oxygenoterapii, indikační kritéria, postup při preskripci a monitorování dětských pacientů na dlouhodobé domácí oxygenoterapii
Tereza Holeček Krištofová, Václav Koucký, Petr Pohunek
Čes-slov Pediat 2024, 79(4):202-207 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2024/034
Long term home oxygen therapy for children is defined as oxygenotherapy outside hospital environment dedicated for patients with lung diseases, diseases of pulmonary vascular system and diseases of the thoracic wall (ventilation) suffering from chronic respiratory insufficiency of type 1. This review represents the second one of two articles on long-term home oxygen therapy (LTOT) in the Czech Republic, with a focus on the indication criteria for home oxygen therapy in children with chronic respiratory conditions. The review outlines the criteria based on the practice guidelines of the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the British Thoracic Society...
Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency
Radana Kotalová
Čes-slov Pediat 2024, 79(4):209-212 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2024/035
Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL-D) is a genetically determined progressive disease with significant morbidity and mortality in children and adults. The main clinical features include a combination of hepatic dysfunction and dyslipidemia as a consequence of cholesterol ester and triglyceride accumulation throughout the body, predominantly in the liver, spleen, gastrointestinal tract and vessel walls. It has an accurate diagnosis available by biochemical demonstration of acid lysosomal lipase (LAL) activity and in recent years has been well addressed by causal therapy based on recombinant enzyme replacement therapy.
Pharmacogenetics in personalized treatment in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Daniela Kosorínová, Pavlína Suchá, Zuzana Havlíčeková, Marek Pršo, Pavol Dvoran, Peter Bánovčin
Čes-slov Pediat 2024, 79(4):213-219 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2024/008
Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases show significant differences in phenotypic manifestation as well as responses to treatment. Significant interindividual variability in therapeutic response has led in recent years to research initiatives aimed at identifying genetic markers capable of optimizing the treatment. For example, investigation of predictive markers of thiopurine-induced myelosupp ression has been implemented into clinical practice. On the other hand, markers related to new treatment options such as biological treatment are not yet used in common clinical practice. The article offers an overview of advances in the field of IBD pharmacogenetics,...
Clinical presentation and management of childhood lipodystrophic syndromes
Jan Lebl, Francesco Chiarelli
Čes-slov Pediat 2024, 79(4):221-225 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2024/036
Lipodystrophy syndromes represent a heterogeneous group of rare diseases characterized by various degree of adipose tissue loss that results in severe metabolic complications, including hypertriglyceridemia, steatohepatitis and particularly insulin resistance. These complications may increase the mortality rate. Adipokine deficiency, and especially leptin deficiency, is due to fat tissue loss. Therapy for lipodystrophy primarily consists of a conventional approach that involves standard treatments of metabolic abnormalities. Recently, recombinant leptin.(metreleptin) administration has been introduced to compensate for leptin deficiency. This therapy...
Malabsorption syndromes
Martina Ambrozová, Matěj Hrunka, Petr Jabandžiev
Čes-slov Pediat 2024, 79(4):226-232 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2024/037
Malabsorption syndromes represent a large group of diseases characterized by impaired intraluminal digestion or nutrient absorption and typically manifest as diarrhea, steatorrhea, bloating and/or failure to thrive. Some diseases may be accompanied by specific symptoms such as oedema, digital clubbing and perianal exanthema. This article aims to classify malabsorption syndromes based on recent findings and summarize their etiology, etiopathogenesis and clinical manifestation. We review current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In accordance with the section in which the text will be published, frequent nosological entities will be discussed. Rarer...
Hodnotenie estetických výsledkov chirurgickej liečby u pacientov so sagitálnou kraniosynostózou pomocou antropometrieOriginal Papers
Lenka Matejáková, František Horn, Robert Chrenko, Eva Štefánková, Robert Jasenek, Dana Kuniaková, Katarína Hirošová, Martin Samohýl, Katarína Mayer-Vargová, Jana Babjaková, Jana Jurkovičová, Ľubica Argalášová
Čes-slov Pediat 2024, 79(4):233-239 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2024/038
Objective: The aim of this study is to monitor the cranial parameters of patients with sagittal craniosynostosis. We will mainly focus on the differences between endoscopic and open-surgical treatment and their influence on changes in cranial parameters in patients with craniosynostosis of the sagittal suture. Craniosynostosis has various consequences, including reduced self-confidence and problems fitting in among other children due to craniofacial deformity. Therefore, monitoring aesthetic results of craniosynostosis treatment in pediatric patients is important. Patients and Methods: The sample of patients included in this study comes from patients...