Česko-slovenská pediatrie, 2023 (vol. 78), issue 5
Burkholderia cepacia complex infections in patients with cystic fibrosis: detection and containment of the outbreakShort News
Pavel Dřevínek, Milena Antušková
Čes-slov Pediat 2023, 78(5):251-253 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2023/041 
Bacteria from the Burkholderia cepacia complex cause severe lung infections in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). The risk of epidemic spread of the infection led the CF centres to implement strict isolation precautions. Furthermore, it was imperative to identify the microbial agent correctly and timely which was made possible thanks to the methods of molecular microbiology. No new Burkholderia cenocepacia infections, caused by the ST-32 strain which had been responsible for a large outbreak in 1990s, were diagnosed in the Czech Republic in the last ten years.
New therapies in cystic fibrosisShort News
Tereza Doušová
Čes-slov Pediat 2023, 78(5):254-257 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2023/042
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common life-shortening genetic disease. It affects approximately 100,000 people worlwide. The disease is caused by bi-allelic patogenic variants in the gene encoding the CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Conductance Regulator) protein, which plays a major role in ion transport across the apical membrane of the epithelial cells. Until recently, treatment of this disease was solely symptomatic. Causal therapy targeting molecular defect of CFTR protein has been available since 2012, when first therapeutic agent was registered. Currently, there are four CFTR modulators available and all together they can work in up to 90 % of...
Cystic fibrosis-related diabetesShort News
Stanislava Koloušková, Veronika Skalická, Jana Bartošová, Jan Lebl
Čes-slov Pediat 2023, 78(5):258-260 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2023/043
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder. It is caused by mutations in CFTR gene that lead to chloride channel dysfunction and consequent changes in composition and properties of the secrets. The clinical presentation is dominated by the involvement of the lungs and pancreas. Thanks to novel therapies, the life expectancy of CF patients has improved significantly within the past years; anyway, the complication rate has also increased. One of them is cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD). After the age of 30 years old, up to 50 % of patients are currently developing impaired glucose tolerance or overt CFRD. Therefore regular...
Heart murmur in childrenPediatrické postupy v praxi
Jan Pavlíček, Eva Klásková
Čes-slov Pediat 2023, 78(5):261-263 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2023/044
A heart murmur is a very common finding in childhood. It is necessary to differentiate between an insignificant murmur and murmur that indicates any cardiac pathology. The assessment involves an in-depth patient history, thorough physical examination and evaluation of the murmur itself. In an asymptomatic patient, the insignificant murmur is exclusively systolic and of low intensity. A heart murmu r is the most common reason for child´s referral to a cardiology clinic and its significance is assessed by a pediatric cardiologist. The absence of a murmur does not exclude the presence of a significant or critical heart defect.
Prevention in paediatricsKapitoly k atestaci z pediatrie
Jan David, Michaela Šibíková
Čes-slov Pediat 2023, 78(5):265-271 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2023/045
Prevention can be defined as a set of activities that aim to reduce the number of new diseases or to slow down or stop the development of an existing disease. This is an important aspect of paediatrics. We distinguish primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary prevention. This article discusses these individual types with a focus on the paediatric population. It serves as a background material in preparation for the attestation exam in paediatrics.
Monitoring alcohol consumption among children and adolescents in paediatricians’ surgeriesShort News
Ivana Olecká, Ludmila Trochtová, Jiří Pospíšil
Čes-slov Pediat 2023, 78(5):272-274 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2023/034
Aim: This research aimed to analyze children’s experience of monitoring by paediatricians for risky behaviours. Methods: The sample consists of respondents aged 6–17 years (n = 2948). The composition of the research sample is representative in terms of gender. The statistical significance of the hypothesis of the association between age, amount of alcohol consumed and paediatrician-child communication about the harmful effects of alcohol was tested using the χ2 statistic. Results: Excessive alcohol consumption was admitted by 8.3% of children aged 6-14 and 49.1% of adolescents aged 15–17. A paediatrician spoke to children about...
The effect of restrictions associated with the covid-19 disease on the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Czech childrenThe epidemic of childhood obesity
Anna Vážná, Jana Vignerová, Marek Brabec, Jan Novák, Bohuslav Procházka, Antonín Gabera, Ilona Huleová, Hana Cabrnochová, Jana Kulhánková, Petr Sedlak
Čes-slov Pediat 2023, 78(5):275-280 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2023/046
The COVID-19 disease brought changes in the functioning of society and many restrictions, apart from restriction of population movement, also the closure of schools and sports facilities. The extension of the time of exposure to mobile and computer screens due to online education contributed, together with the reduction of sports activities, to sedentary behaviour. Diet also underwent negative changes. The restrictions created an obesogenic environment, which worsened the already concerning situation in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the child population. The aim of our study was to assess the consequences of this situation in the population...