Česko-slovenská pediatrie, 2024 (vol. 79), issue 5
Is the early detection of serious eye defects in the period of vision development a sci-fi fantasy or a real prospect for the creation of nationwide vision screening in the Czech Republic?Prevention in pediatrics
Anna Zobanová
Čes-slov Pediat 2024, 79(5):251-256 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2024/044 
The first 3 years of a child's life, especially the first 12 months of life, are the most critical period for vision development. During this period, the child's health care is coordinated by a pediatrician or a general practitioner for children and adolescents, and it is up to them to provide the screening test that is now available. The vision screening uses a vision screener based on the principle of eccentric photorefraction with automatic evaluation of the results. The first examination should be performed between the 6th and 12th months (optimally between the 10th and 12th months of age) with a control examination after 6 months, i.e. usually...
Nationwide hearing screening of newborns and children aged 5 yearsPrevention in pediatrics
Viktor Chrobok, Michal Homoláč, Jana Krtičková, Lukáš Školoudík, Miroslava Hloušková, Lenka Bilinová, Eva Čelakovská, Vít Blanař, Jan Malý, Pavel Komínek, Karel Hejduk, Renata Chloupková, Tomáš Májek, Jitka Jírová, Jakub Dršata
Čes-slov Pediat 2024, 79(5):257-262 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2024/045
The correct functionality of the screening of hearing defects is based on a simple organization of the screening, comfort of the examination for the patient, medical yield and economic viability. The newborn hearing screening has been updated by the Methodological Instruction of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic (Journal of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic No. 14/2021). Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) and automatic BERA (AABR - Automatic Auditory Brainstem Responses; BERA - Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry) are used for the hearing screening of normal newborns. Hearing screening of pre-school children aged...
Secondary prevention of hearing loss and deafness in childrenPrevention in pediatrics
Pavel Hermann
Čes-slov Pediat 2024, 79(5):263-265 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2024/046
Hearing loss and deafness are among the most serious sensory defects. These are usually congenital disorders and in the case of genetic background are most often inherited autosomal recessively. Their early detection is crucial as normal hearing is essential for the development of speech, cognition and communication. The secondary prevention method is screening, which according to the methodological guidelines is carried out in the Czech Republic in newborns and five-year-old children. The presented articles deals with the individual methods used.
Emergence delirium in children: up to date for pediatriciansPediatrické postupy v praxi
Michal Frelich, Filip Burša, Peter Sklienka, Bořek Trávníček, Markéta Nowaková, Jan Pavlíček
Čes-slov Pediat 2024, 79(5):266-270 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2024/047
Emergence delirium (ED) is a common postoperative complication in children, characterized by desorientation, perception and psychomotor disorder. The described incidence of emergence delirium varies between 10-50 %. Although ED is self-limiting, it can induce postoperative complications, including self-injury, dehiscence of surgical wound, bleeding and other difficulties for medical staff. Despite extensive research of ED, precise pathophysiology remains uknown. PAED score is only validated tool for ED diagnosis. This review summarizes the risk factors of ED development and provide current options of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic prevention and...
Inherited disorders of lipid metabolism (lipoproteins, fatty acids, cholesterol and sphingolipids)Kapitoly k atestaci z pediatrie
Tomáš Honzík, Jiří Zeman
Čes-slov Pediat 2024, 79(5):271-285 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2024/048
Introduction: Inherited disorders of lipid metabolism (IMD) represent a heterogeneous group of >210 different disorders of synthesis, transport or degradation of lipoproteins, fatty acids (FA), glycerol, ketone body, cholesterol, and complex lipids. Material and methods: Diagnosis depends on clinical suspicion and indication of biochemical, metabolic, and molecular investigations, only six disorders of fatty acid oxidation deficiencies (FAOD) are part of the laboratory neonatal screening in the Czech Republic. Results: Clinical manifestations of IMD of lipid metabolism are heterogeneous and may overlap in many disorders. The most common is familial...
Epidemiological aspects of selected respiratory viruses in children with recurrent respiratory infectionsOriginal Papers
Peter Kunč, Jaroslav Fábry, Peter Ferenc, Monika Pešátová, Michaela Matiščáková, Renata Péčová
Čes-slov Pediat 2024, 79(5):286-292 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2024/032
Introduction: Respiratory viruses contribute significantly to respiratory morbidity in children with a high burden on society. Objectives: Retrospective analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of selected respiratory viruses detected in often ill pediatric patients. Materials and methods: Assessment of laryngeal swab outcomes. The results were examined using RT-PCR method for a coherent group of 10 viruses: rhinovirus (RV), adenovirus (ADV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human coronavirus (HCoV), parainfluenza virus (PIV 1-4), human bocavirus (HboV), and human metapneumovirus (HMPV). The data collection period was established...
Musculoskeletal health in children with cystic fibrosisComprehensive Report
Kvido Malaska, Ondřej Souček
Čes-slov Pediat 2024, 79(5):293-298 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2024/026
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetically determined disease that primarily affects lungs and pancreas, but also a number of other organ systems, including bones and skeletal muscles. Osteoporosis, i.e. reduced bone mineral density, together with an increased incidence of fractures, occurs in up to 28 % of individuals with CF and has a complex etiology. Osteoporosis is more common in older individuals, individuals with malnutrition, more severe clinical manifestations and impaired lung functions. Some of these factors also cause reduced muscle strength of respiratory and skeletal muscles and insufficient serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD),...