Česko-slovenská pediatrie, 2024 (vol. 79), issue 1
Prenatal cardiology
Viktor Tomek
Čes-slov Pediat 2024, 79(1):9-16 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2024/001 
Prenatal cardiology is a subspecialty of pediatric cardiology focused mainly on the diagnosis and treatment of heart lesions, predominantly congenital heart defects. A nationwide prenatal detection of major congenital heart defects in the Czech Republic exceeded 80 % in the current era. Termination of pregnancy of major heart defects has decreased from 70 % in 1991 to 43 % in 2023 but remains high in fetuses with univentricular heart and those major heart defects with associated comorbidities. The introduction of first trimester screening resulted in higher termination rate at early stage but did not revert the overall decreasing trend in termination...
Prevention of sport-related health issues
Michal Procházka, Vojtěch Illinger, Jan Pokorný, Kryštof Slabý, Jiří Radvanský
Čes-slov Pediat 2024, 79(1):17-22 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2024/002
Prevention of sport-related health issues is an important medical and social topic especially due to possible sudden death of athlete, which is most often caused by an adverse cardiac condition. Diagnoses that could cause sudden cardiac death differs between paediatric and adult population. Inherited conditions predominate in children and adolescents, acquired conditions are responsible for sudden cardiac death in majority of adult athletes. Nowadays there is general agreement about screening of risks of sudden cardiac death. In the Czech Republic, sports physicians, general practitioners or primary care paediatricians perform sudden cardiac death...
The prevention of infective endocarditis in childhood in the Czech Republic, a current approach
Eva Klásková, Jan Janoušek
Čes-slov Pediat 2024, 79(1):23-29 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2024/003
Prevention of infective endocarditis is an integral part of the management of paediatric patients with cardiovascular disease in the Czech Republic. The experience resulting from the restrictions on prophylactic antibiotic administration prior to high-risk procedures, which have been introduced worldwide, suggests that pediatric population may benefit from the antibiotic prophylaxis. In addition, it is essential to follow general preventive measures, especially the prevention of dental caries, and to educate the patient and parents about them.
Infantile feeding disordersPediatrické postupy v praxi
Jan David, Lucie Gonsorčíková
Čes-slov Pediat 2024, 79(1):30-32 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2024/004
The issue of eating behaviour in small children is often underestimated in the scientific literature, although it is a frequently discussed topic in primary paediatric care. The infantile feeding disorder itself is characterized mainly by inadequate oral intake and pathological feeding. Its differential diagnosis is broad, however the examination process should not be too invasive. The presented article discusses possibilities of accurate diagnosis and treatment of infantile feeding disorders in the primary care office.
Differential diagnosis of polyuria-polydipsiaKapitoly k atestaci z pediatrie
Felix Votava
Čes-slov Pediat 2024, 79(1):33-38 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2024/006
In clinical practice, it is often difficult to distinguish psychogenic (or habitual) polydipsia from true organic polyuria. First-line tests: urine chemistry , glycaemia: hyperglycaemia, glycosuria and ketonuria confirm diabetes mellitus. Kalemia and calcemia: chronic hypokalaemia or hypercalcaemia lead to loss of renal concentrating capacity. Plasma creatinine level and ultrasound imaging of the kidney: exclude renal impairment with possible loss of concentrating capacity. Serum and urine osmolality from samples as close in time as possible: incidental detection of high urine osmolality with normal serum osmolality is indicative of psychogenic polydipsia....
Abdominal solid organ injuries in children - identification, basic principles of clinical evaluation and managementComprehensive Report
Bořek Trávníček, Markéta Nowaková, Igor Dudík, Jan Pavlíček
Čes-slov Pediat 2024, 79(1):39-45 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2024/005
Abdominal trauma represents a significant type of injury in childhood, the majority being of a blunt mechanism. Organs the most commonly involved are spleen, liver and kidney. If not recongnised and managed in optimal timely manner, these injuries endanger a patient with acute haemorrhagic shock or subsequent development of infectious complications. To identify the source of bleeding and the grade of the injury, it is essential to provide an appropriate clinical as well as radiological examination, the most commonly used modalities being FAST and contrast - enhanced computer tomography (CT). In children, the majority of solid organ injuries are managed...
Chemical pleurodesis with povidone-iodine (Betadine) in congenital chylothorax: personal experience and review of literature
Jiří Náhlovský, Radek Štichhauer, Jana Lešková, Jan Malý, Tomáš Matějek
Čes-slov Pediat 2024, 79(1):46-52 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2023/055
Congenital chylothorax is a serious neonatal condition with high mortality and difficult management. Chemical pleurodesis can limit the need for surgical treatment, but there is no consensus on the optimal chemical agent for the lack of solid evidence. We report our experience with povidone-iodine (PVI) chemical pleurodesis in two neonates with congenital chylothorax. Pleurodesis consisted in the injection of 2 ml/kg of a 4% povidone iodine solution inside the pleural space, leaving the pleural tube clamped for the subsequent 4 hours. In both cases, repeated doses of povidone-iodine were required to completely stop chyle formation. Based on our experience,...