Česko-slovenská pediatrie, 2026 (vol. 81), issue 3
Jan Janoušek: pioneer in resynchronization therapy for heart failure in children
Jan Marek
Čes-slov Pediat 2026, 81(3):125-127 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2026/024 
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) for heart failure is a well-established treatment method for children with dyssynchronous ventricular impairment. In combination with pharmacological therapy, it can significantly improve the clinical condition of patients, including those referred for heart transplantation. Jan Janoušek from the Children's Cardiac Centre of University Hospital Motol, Prague, was among the first pediatric cardiologists worldwide to make a substantial contribution to the introduction of CRT for children with congenital or acquired cardiac disease. This report outlines the principles of CRT and presents the first results published...
Choosing Wisely: Management of acute bronchiolitis in children - role of corticoids and inhaled bronchodilation therapy
Jana Tuková
Čes-slov Pediat 2026, 81(3):128-131 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2026/025
Although acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children are common and serious viral diseases, there is currently no effective targeted therapy available. In clinical practice, we currently focus on preventing infection with human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) using newly widely available passive immunization. We offer supportive therapy and monitoring to children with mild forms of the disease. In cases of developing progressive respiratory insufficiency, early hospitalization and possible therapy for respiratory failure are necessary. There is still no consensus on the use of inhaled bronchodilators and corticosteroids...
Facial dermatoses in infancyDiferenciální diagnostika v pediatrii
Štěpánka Čapková
Čes-slov Pediat 2026, 81(3):132-140 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2026/026
Facial dermatoses in infancy, in the broader sense, encompass a wide spectrum of heterogeneous cutaneous manifestations that may occur on the face either as part of systemic diseases (e.g., dermatomyositis, genodermatoses) or as manifestations of skin disorders not limited to the face (e.g., infectious diseases, eczematous conditions). In the narrower sense, facial dermatoses refer to conditions localized exclusively to the face (e.g., milia, neonatal acne, perioral dermatitis). From the wide range of possible conditions, the author selects those facial dermatoses whose differential diagnosis is particularly challenging in pediatric practice.
From hyperinflammation to immunoparalysis: the role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the pathogenesis of pediatric sepsis
Ľudmila Podracká, Alexandra Gaal Kovalčíková, Peter Celec, Michal Pastorek
Čes-slov Pediat 2026, 81(3):141-147 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2026/027
Sepsis is a life-threatening clinical syndrome characterized by organ dysfunction resulting from a dysregulated host response to infection. Despite substantial advances in intensive care, sepsis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. The pathogenesis of sepsis involves a complex interaction between the pathogen and the host immune system, leading to activation of innate immunity, excessive production of inflammatory mediators, endothelial dysfunction, activation of coagulation pathways, and the development of microvascular injury. A hallmark of sepsis is the simultaneous presence of a hyperinflammatory response...
Current recommendations for the diagnosis and management of otitis media in childrenPediatrické postupy v praxi
Michal Bartoš, Milan Urík, Vít Kruntorád, Barbora Petrová, Ivo Šlapák, Petr Jabandžiev
Čes-slov Pediat 2026, 81(3):148-154 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2026/016
Acute otitis media (AOM) in children remains a key issue in pediatric practice due to its high incidence and impact on antibiotic prescribing. Modern diagnostic procedures emphasize the objectification of findings using magnifying otoscopy. Therapy focuses on the selective indication of antibiotics, the preference for basic penicillin antibiotics in risk groups , and the optimization of treatment duration. Emphasis is placed on analgesia, proper patient stratification, and support for antibiotic administration. This review summarizes current recommendations and new procedures aimed at more accurate diagnosis and individualized treatment of AOM in the...
Guidelines for inherited thrombophilia testing in children
Kateřina Zdráhalová, Pavel Mazánek, Ester Zápotocká, Jan Blatný
Čes-slov Pediat 2026, 81(3):155-157 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2026/028
The incidence of thromboembolic disease in childhood is low compared to the adult population. Thrombophilia refers to factors that increase the risk of developing thrombosis. The most important factors in the development of thrombosis in children are acquired, with central venous catheters being the leading cause. In contrast, inherited thrombophilias play only a minor role. Approved consensus guidelines based on published literature specify the indications for testing for inherited thrombophilias and the scope of such testing. Incorrectly indicated, performed, and/or interpreted testing may be misleading and potentially harmful.
A rare complication of an even rarer disease
Paulína Činčilová, Susanna Bodnárová, Petra Gkalpakioti, Zdeněk Čada, Zuzana Balogová, Jana Lhotská, Jan David, dorostu, 3. lékařská fakulta, Univerzita Karlova, Fakultní nemocnice Královské Vinohrady, Praha
Čes-slov Pediat 2026, 81(3):158-162 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2026/029
Keratitis-ichthyosis- deafness (KID) syndrome is a rare genetically determined disorder characterized primarily by cutaneous and sensory abnormalities. However, affected patients also have a lifelong increased risk of infectious and neoplastic complications involving the skin and mucous membranes. In this case report, we present an eleven-year-old boy with KID syndrome who was hospitalized for suspected acute glossitis Clinically, a large, palpably mass of the tongue with multiple erosive lesions was the dominant finding. The patient was treated with antibiotics; however, progressive enlargement of the lingual swelling raised suspicion of a malignant etiology....
Instagram and TikTok use and eating disorder symptoms in adolescent girls: the role of social comparisonOriginal Papers
Juraj Jurík, Jana Trebatická
Čes-slov Pediat 2026, 81(3):163-168 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2026/030
Introduction: Social networking sites represent a major space for social comparison during adolescence and may be linked to body dissatisfaction and eating disorder (ED) symptoms. In clinical practice, risk is often discussed primarily in terms of "screen time", although mechanisms such as negative social comparison and problematic use may be more informative than time alone. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in a non-clinical sample of 267 girls (14-17 years old). Eating disorder symptoms were assessed using the EDE-Q questionnaire (22 items scored; α = 0.938). Instagram and TikTok use was measured by time spent, problematic use scales...
Fifty years since the discovery of a new infectious disease - legionellosis
Jiří Beneš
Čes-slov Pediat 2026, 81(3):169-171 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2026/031
The article describes the history of the discovery of Legionnaires' disease, including the complications and confusion that accompanied this discovery. The second part of the text provides a brief summary of the pathogenesis of the disease, its diagnosis, and treatment.