Česko-slovenská pediatrie, 2026 (vol. 81), issue 2
Gastroesophageal reflux in infants
Jana Tomanová, Rita Halašová, Vanda Mečiarová, Jan Melek
Čes-slov Pediat 2026, 81(2):67-70 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2026/008 
Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in infants is, in the majority of cases, a physiological phenomenon that resolves spontaneously. The cornerstone of diagnosis is a careful medical history and physical examination, with particular attention to excluding alarm signs that may indicate gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or another underlying condition. The vast majority of infants without alarm features thrive well and do not de velop respiratory or neurological complications. The mainstay of management consists of parental education combined with conservative measures (avoiding overfeeding, continuing breastfeeding, and thickening feeds). If these measures...
Rare bullous diseases of childhood and their differential diagnosisDiferenciální diagnostika v pediatrii
Štěpánka Čapková
Čes-slov Pediat 2026, 81(2):71-77 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2026/009
Dermatologists as well as pediatricians are well aware that , due to its structural characteristics, the skin of infants and young children is prone to blister formation. Consequently, all of us encounter bullous conditions frequently (friction blisters, burns, solar dermatitis, bullous impetigo, diseases caused by herpes simplex virus or varicella-zoster virus). However, there are severe bullous disorders that are rare in childhood (autoimmune bullous diseases or certain genodermatoses), in which establishing the diagnosis requires extensive experience and expertise. In this presentation, the author introduces four rare bullous diseases and their...
Role of rapid antigen detection tests in paediatric practicePediatrické postupy v praxi
Jan David, Patrik Konopásek
Čes-slov Pediat 2026, 81(2):79-80 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2026/010
Accurate differentiation between viral and bacterial pharyngitis is crucial for the targeted use of antibiotic therapy and for limiting the rising problem of antibiotic resistance. Clinical signs alone are insufficient to reliably determine the etiology, which is why rapid antigen detection tests (so-called streptests) are used in paediatric practice. The streptest represents a quick and generally useful diagnostic tool when appropriately indicated. Its results must be interpreted in the context of the patient's overall clinical condition, the epidemiological situation, and other relevant factors. At the same time, testing should be avoided in situations...
Sucking and swallowing disorders in infants
Barbora Černá, Hana Nestávalová, Barbora Jírová, Kristýna Zárubová, Barbora Obermannová
Čes-slov Pediat 2026, 81(2):81-87 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2026/011
Disorders of sucking and swallowing in infants represent a significant clinical problem with potentially serious consequences for the overall development of the child. The skills necessary for oral feeding begin to develop prenatally and continue to mature during the first months of life, when coordination of sucking, swallowing, and breathing is crucial. The causes of these disorders include anat omical, neurological, and other systemic factors. Clinical manifestations of sucking and swallowing disorders range from severe aspiration episodes to subtle, less specific findings such as poor weight gain. Diagnosis requires multidisciplinary collaboration...
Factors influencing antibiotic resistance in Haemophilus influenzae
Helena Žemličková, Vladislav Jakubů, Lucia Mališová, Iveta Vrbová, Markéta Čechová
Čes-slov Pediat 2026, 81(2):88-93 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2026/012
Haemophilus influenzae is a common part of the microflora of the upper respiratory tract, and is also one of the main causative agents of a wide range of diseases from uncomplicated respiratory tract infections to life-threatening infections. Traditional drugs for the treatment of hemophilic infections are beta-lactam antibiotics. Resistance to beta-lactams in hemophili is caused by the production of beta-lactamase or arises on the basis of mutations in the ftsI gene encoding penicillin-binding protein 3. These strains are referred to as rPBP3 (genotype showing a mutation in the ftsI transpeptidase region). According to the results of...
Scoliosis screening in school-aged children (6-15 years) in the Czech Republic
Jana Kratěnová, Naděžda Čapková, Kristýna Žejglicová, Kateřina Smíšková
Čes-slov Pediat 2026, 81(2):94-97 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2025/059
Introduction. Scoliosis in children represents a significant clinical and public health concern, requiring attention not only from pediatricians but also from other healthcare professionals, educators, and parents. The primary aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of pathological spinal curvature among school-aged children. Methods. Scoliosis screening was carried out by rehabilitation physicians, physiotherapists, and staff from the National Institute of Public Health. The methodology followed the recommendations of a specialized rehabilitation center for scoliosis diagnosis and treatment, in accordance with the 2018 US Guidelines. Screening...
Cardiovascular aspects of Williams-Beuren syndrome
Peter Olejník, David Pavlák, Erika Kucharovicová, Michaela Lapšová, Tereza Šoltésová
Čes-slov Pediat 2026, 81(2):98-103 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2025/060
Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a multisystem genetic disorder caused by a microdeletion at 7q11.23 involving the ELN gene for elastin, which plays a key role in the development of cardiovascular lesions. These represent the main cause of morbidity and mortality in affected individuals. We retrospectively analyzed 20 patients with genetically confirmed WBS who were followed or examined at the Pediatric Cardiac Center in Bratislava - the national referral center for children with cardiovascular disease - between 2012 and 2022 (mean follow-up duration 4.7 years). In this cohort, we assessed the incidence of individual cardiovascular findings,...
A rare cause of cervical lymphadenopathy in childhood
Jan Volf, Jana Lhotská, Václav Eis, Ľudmila Verešpejová, Hana Malíková, Markéta Racková, Jan David
Čes-slov Pediat 2026, 81(2):104-108 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2026/013
The differential diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy in children is broad, with infectious and benign causes accounting for the majority of cases. This makes it particularly challenging to recognize more serious or rare conditions. Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease, also known as histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, is a rare, benign, and self-limiting disorder first described in the 1970s. It predominantly affects young adults and often mimics infectious or autoimmune conditions. Due to its rarity, Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease poses a diagnostic challenge in the paediatric population. In this case report, we present the clinical course, diagnostic process...