JOURNAL OF THE CZECH PEDIATRIC SOCIETY AND THE SLOVAK PEDIATRIC SOCIETY

Čes-slov Pediat 2026, 81(88):5-12

Glucose metabolism disorders in children and adolescents with obesity

Lenka Veselá1, 2, Zdeněk Šumník3, Irena Aldhoon Hainerová1
1 Klinika dětí a dorostu, 3. lékařská fakulta, Univerzita Karlova a Fakultní nemocnice Královské Vinohrady, Praha
2 Dětské oddělení, Oblastní nemocnice Kolín, a. s., nemocnice Středočeského kraje
3 Pediatrická klinika, 2. lékařská fakulta, Univerzita Karlova a Fakultní nemocnice Motol, Praha

Obezita u dětí a adolescentů

bývá často provázena poruchami glukózového metabolismu, jako jsou inzulinová rezistence, prediabetes nebo diabetes 2. typu. Tyto stavy představují zvýšené riziko časného rozvoje metabolických a kardiovaskulárních komplikací. Prediabetes je mezistupněm mezi normoglykemií a manifestním diabetem, přičemž riziko jeho progrese do diabetu 2. typu je nejvyšší u adolescentů s těžkým stupněm obezity

Patofyziologie diabetu 2. typu v tomto věku je charakterizována kombinací závažné inzulinové rezistence a rychlé deteriorace funkce β-buněk pankreatu.

Článek shrnuje aktuální poznatky o prevalenci, patogenezi, diagnostice a možnostech léčby poruch glukózové homeostázy u dětí a adolescentů s obezitou. Zvláštní pozornost je věnována významu multidisciplinární péče, edukace, pravidelného sledování a individualizace terapie.

Obesity in children and adolescents

is frequently associated with disturbances in glucose metabolism, such as insulin resistance, prediabetes, or type 2 diabetes. These conditions pose an increased risk of early-onset metabolic and cardiovascular complications. Prediabetes represents an intermediate state between normoglycemia and overt diabetes, with the highest risk of progression to type 2 diabetes observed in adolescents with s

evere obesity. A combination of marked insulin resistance and rapid deterioration of pancreatic β-cell function characterizes the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes at this age.

This article summarizes current knowledge on the prevalence, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment options for glucose homeostasis disorders in children and adolescents with obesity. Special attention is paid to the importance of multidisciplinary care, patient education, regular monitoring, and individualized therapy.

Keywords: obesity, type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, insulin resistance

Accepted: March 31, 2026; Published: March 1, 2026  Show citation

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Veselá L, Šumník Z, Aldhoon Hainerová I. Glucose metabolism disorders in children and adolescents with obesity. Ces-slov Pediat. 2026;81(Suppl.):5-12.
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