JOURNAL OF THE CZECH PEDIATRIC SOCIETY AND THE SLOVAK PEDIATRIC SOCIETY

Čes-slov Pediat 2024, 79(3):150-155 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2024/018

Patofyziologie a detekce hypoxemie u dětí, její důsledky a nejčastější onemocnění indikovaná k dlouhodobé domácí oxygenoterapii

Tereza Holeček Krištofová, Václav Koucký, Petr Pohunek
Pediatrická klinika, 2. lékařská fakulta, Univerzita Karlova a FN Motol, Praha

Long term home oxygen therapy for children is defined as oxygenotherapy outside hospital environment dedicated for patients with lung diseases, diseases of pulmonary vascular system and diseases of the thoracic wall (ventilation) suffering from chronic respiratory insufficiency of type 1. The main target of a long-term home oxygen therapy in children

(LTOT) is to prevent prolonged hypoxia in children with chronic respiratory condition. Prolonged hypoxia can lead to health complications such as pulmonary hypertension, cognitive impairment etc. LTOT enables patients to spend more time at home and improves their quality of life. LTOT is indicated for end-stages of severe pulmonary and sometimes non-pulmonary illnesses, but there

are known pathologies such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia or neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy where the patient is expected to spontaneously wean of oxygen.

This review is the first of two articles presenting LTOT in the Czech Republic. The primary focus of this review is to briefly present the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to hypoxemia and to explain the suitability of oxygen therapy based on this knowledge. It then briefly outlines options for detecting hypoxemia in children

and the long-term impact of hypoxemia on the children's body and health. Moreover, the review discusses the most common diagnoses indicated and potentially treatable by LTOT.

Keywords: long-term oxygen therapy in children (LTOT), hypoxemia, detection of hypoxemia, consequences of chronic hypoxemia in children, diagnosis indicated for LTOT

Accepted: April 3, 2024; Published: May 1, 2024  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Holeček Krištofová T, Koucký V, Pohunek P. Patofyziologie a detekce hypoxemie u dětí, její důsledky a nejčastější onemocnění indikovaná k dlouhodobé domácí oxygenoterapii. Ces-slov Pediat. 2024;79(3):150-155. doi: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2024/018.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Guyton AC, Hall JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. Eleventh edition. Elsevier Saunders 2006: 525-532.
    2. Nečas E. Patofyziologická fyziologie orgánových systémů, část I. Nakladatelství Karolinum 2006: 271-290.
    3. Yildizdaş D, Yapicioğlu H, Yilmaz HL, Sertdemir Y. Correlation of simultaneously obtained capillary, venous, and arterial blood gases of patients in a paediatric intensive care unit. Arch Dis Child 2004; 89(2): 176-180. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    4. Roberts CM, Bugler JR, Melchor R, Hetzel MR,iet al. Value of pulse oximetry in screening for long-term oxygen therapy requirement. Eur Resp J 1993; 6(4): 559. Go to original source...
    5. Hayes D, Wilson KC, Krivchenia K, et al. Home oxygen therapy for children. An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 199(3): e5-e23. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    6. Evans HJ, Gibson NA, Bennett J, et al. British Thoracic Society guideline for diagnosing and monitoring paediatric sleep-disordered breathing. Thorax 2023; 78(Suppl 2): s1-s27. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    7. Coté CJ, Goldstein EA, Fuchsman WH, Hoaglin DC. The effect of nail polish on pulse oximetry. Anesth Analg 1988; 67(7): 683-686. Go to original source...
    8. Hampson NB. Pulse Oximetry in Severe Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. Chest 1998; 114(4): 1036-1041. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    9. Grace RF. Pulse oximetry. Gold standard or false sense of security? Med J Aust 1994516; 160(10). Go to original source...
    10. Weitzenblum E, Chaouat A. Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in man: what minimum daily duration of hypoxaemia is required? Eur Respir J 2001; 18(2): 251-253. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    11. Bass JL, Corwin M, Gozal D, et al. The effect of chronic or intermittent hypoxia on cognition in childhood: a review of the evidence. Pediatrics 2004; 114(3): 805-816. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    12. Harris MA, Sullivan CE. Sleep pattern and supplementary oxygen requirements in infants with chronic neonatal lung disease. Lancet 1995; 345(8953): 831-832. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    13. Aljadeff G, Gozal D, Bailey-Wahl SL, et al. Effects of overnight supplemental oxygen in obstructive sleep apnea in children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 153(1): 51-55. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    14. Olaithe M, Bucks RS, Hillman DR, Eastwood PR. Cognitive deficits in obstructive sleep apnea: Insights from a meta-review and comparison with deficits observed in COPD, insomnia, and sleep deprivation. Sleep Med Rev 2018; 38: 39-49. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    15. Samuels MP, Poets CF, Southall DP. Abnormal hypoxemia after life-threatening events in infants born before term. J Pediatr 1994; 125(3): 441-446. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    16. Niermeyer S, Moore LG. Hypoxic responses in infants. No known mechanism links hypoxia and sudden infant death syndrome. BMJ 1998; 317(7159): 675-676; author reply 677-8. Go to original source...
    17. Moyer-Mileur LJ, Nielson DW, Pfeffer KD, et al. Eliminating sleep-associated hypoxemia improves growth in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatrics 1996; 98(4 Pt 1): 779-783. Go to original source...
    18. Groothuis JR, Rosenberg AA. Home oxygen promotes weight gain in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Dis Child 1987; 141(9): 992-995. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    19. Benatar A, Clarke J, Silverman M. Pulmonary hypertension in infants with chronic lung disease: non-invasive evaluation and short term effect of oxygen treatment. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 1995; 72(1): F14-9. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    20. Sekar KC, Duke JC. Sleep apnea and hypoxemia in recently weaned premature infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatr Pulmonol 1991; 10(2): 112-116. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    21. Baraldi E, Carra S, Vencato F, et al. Home oxygen therapy in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a prospective study. Eur J Pediatr 1997; 156(11): 878-882. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    22. Fan LL, Kozinetz CA. Factors influencing survival in children with chronic interstitial lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 156(3 Pt 1): 939-942. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    23. Kurland G, Deterding RR, Hagood JS, et al. An official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline: classification, evaluation, and management of childhood interstitial lung disease in infancy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 188(3): 376-394. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    24. Colom AJ, Maffey A, Bournissen FG, Teper A. Pulmonary function of a paediatric cohort of patients with postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans. A long term follow-up. Thorax 2015; 70(2): 169. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    25. Wang B, Cardenas M, Bedoya M, et al. Upregulation of neuropeptides and obstructive airway disorder in infancy: A review with focus on post-RSV wheezing and NEHI. Pediatr Pulmonol 2021; 56(6): 1297-1306. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    26. Dervaux M, Thumerelle C, Fabre C, et al. Long-term evolution of neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy: the FRENCHI findings. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182(2): 949-956. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    27. Balfour-Lynn IM, Field DJ, Gringras P, et al. BTS guidelines for home oxygen in children. Thorax 2009; 64(Suppl 2): ii1-ii26. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    28. Zinman R, Corey M, Coates AL, et al. Nocturnal home oxygen in the treatment of hypoxemic cystic fibrosis patients. J Pediatr 1989; 114(3): 368-377. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    29. Spier S, Rivlin J, Hughes D, Levison H. The effect of oxygen on sleep, blood gases, and ventilation in cystic fibrosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1984; 129(5): 712-718. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    30. Gozal D. Nocturnal ventilatory support in patients with cystic fibrosis: comparison with supplemental oxygen. Eur Resp J 1997; 10(9): 1999-2003. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    31. Nixon PA, Orenstein DM, Curtis SE, Ross EA. Oxygen supplementation during exercise in cystic fibrosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990; 142(4): 807-811. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    32. Young AC, Wilson JW, Kotsimbos TC, Naughton MT. Randomised placebo controlled trial of non-invasive ventilation for hypercapnia in cystic fibrosis. Thorax 2008; 63(1): 72-77. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    33. Roy R, Couriel JM. Secondary pulmonary hypertension. Paediatr Respir Rev 2006; 7(1): 36-44. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    34. Higenbottam T, Cremona G. Acute and chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J 1993; 6(8): 1207-1212. Go to original source...
    35. Bowyer JJ, Busst CM, Denison DM, Shinebourne EA. Effect of long term oxygen treatment at home in children with pulmonary vascular disease. Br Heart J 1986; 55(4): 385-390. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    36. Marcus CL, Carroll JL, Bamford O, et al. Supplemental oxygen during sleep in children with sleep-disordered breathing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152(4 Pt 1): 1297-1301. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content