Česko-slovenská pediatrie, 2023 (vol. 78), issue 1
Cyanotic heart diseaseKapitoly k atestaci z pediatrie
Michal Huml, Jiří Fremuth, Petr Jehlička
Čes-slov Pediat 2023, 78(1):7-14 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2023/001 
The article summarizes the basic cyanotic heart defects. It describes their anatomy, hemodynamic profile with clinical manifestations and principles of their correction. It serves as a paper for preparation for the certificate exam in Pediatrics.
Interpretation of acid-base disordersPathophysiology in pediatrics
Šárka Pešková, Klára Bernášková, Pavel Heinige, Jan David
Čes-slov Pediat 2023, 78(1):15-19 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2023/002
Parameters of acid-base balance should not be neglected when evaluating the homeostasis, especially in acute conditions. However, their interpretation may be difficult in some cases. The article presents a possible view of acid-base disorders. It is based on pathophysiological mechanisms, as their understanding is essential for proper evaluation and subsequent diagnosis and treatment.
Tuberculous spondylitis or Pott's disease - a relic of the past?Case Histories
Ľuboš Bača, Martin Magner, Vendula Martinů, Karolína Doležalová
Čes-slov Pediat 2023, 78(1):20-25 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2023/003
Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by a group of bacteria, collectively named the M. tuberculosis complex In most cases, tuberculosis in children affects the lungs (80%) but can affect any other organ (extrapulmonary tuberculosis). Although the Czech Republic is a country with a low incidence of tuberculosis (< 5 cases per 100 000 population per year),(1) severe and rare forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis occur. This case report presents a one-year-old girl with coincident pulmonary and two extrapulmonary forms of tuberculosis (spine and brain). The patient due to persistent X-ray opacification underwent other diagnostic examinations...
A very unusual cause of abdominal painCase Histories
Petr Birke, Jakub Čivrný, Dagmar Pospíšilová
Čes-slov Pediat 2023, 78(1):26-29 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2023/004
The case report deals with 16-year-old girl examined for abdominal pain who was diagnosed with thrombosis of the left iliac veins and inferior vena cava connected to femoropopliteal thrombosis. Her condition was complicated by the development of pulmonary embolism. The patient was treated with low-molecular-weight heparin followed by oral anticoagulation vitamin K agonist and local thrombolysis wi th the insertion of caval filter.
Severe iron intoxication in a 16-year-old patientCase Histories
Martina Kadlečíková, Adriana Ondrušová, Katarína Poláková, Jaroslav Slaný
Čes-slov Pediat 2023, 78(1):30-33 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2023/005
Intoxications in children still represent a serious problem in the Slovak Republic and account for 50 % of all intoxications consulted with the National Toxicological Information Center (NTIC) in Bratislava. Acute iron intoxication is a serious condition that can progress rapidly to multiorgan failure and death. In this article, we present a case of intoxication of a 16-year-old patient who intent ionally ingested 50 tablets of an iron-containing preparation. The total dose corresponded to 5000 mg of elemental iron, which at a patient weight of 50 kg was 100 mg/kg. Due to signs of severe intoxication and high ingested iron dose, we indicated the administration...
Noninvasive monitoring of vital signs of the newbornComprehensive Report
Hana Burčková, Hana Wiedermannová, Jakub Čubík, Stanislav Kepák, Jan Pavlíček
Čes-slov Pediat 2023, 78(1):34-39 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2023/006
Monitoring of vital signs is an essential and important part of the care for newborns in all types of neonatology departments. The basic monitored parameters include heart rate, respiratory rate, and peripheral blood oxygen saturation. Monitoring methods can be classified to invasive and non-invasive, the latter further into contactless and (more widespread in practice) contact methods. The review article presents standard as well as less common standard methods of non-invasive measurement of neonatal vital signs. At the end of the article, the authors present an experimental system including a sensory pad with a built-in optical fiber for sensing...
The role of paediatric supportive care team in the development of hospital palliative care at the University Hospital MotolComprehensive Report
Lucie Hrdličková, Gražina Kokešová Kleinová, Lenka Nováková, Denisa Makešová, Tereza Doušová
Čes-slov Pediat 2023, 78(1):40-43 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2023/007
In past two decades, paediatric palliative care has significantly evolved worldwide, which has also contributed to the acceleration of paediatric palliative care development in the Czech Republic. There are three levels of care for patients with palliative needs - palliative approach, general and specialised palliative care. The models of specialised palliative care include the hospital palliative care teams, and the first ever palliative team focused on paediatric patients was established in 2017 at University Hospital Motol in Prague. This article presents the challenges that accompanied the palliative care team development and introduces the processes...
Five years of experience in providing paediatric palliative care in hospital settingOriginal Papers
Lucie Hrdličková, Gražina Kokešová Kleinová, Lenka Nováková, Denisa Makešová, Tereza Doušová, Markéta Taberyová, Daniela Snítilová
Čes-slov Pediat 2023, 78(1):44-47 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2023/008
Introduction: In 2017, the first paediatric palliative care team in the Czech Republic was established at the University Hospital Motol in Prague. Data collection regarding several parameters of the care provided has been of fundamental importance for the team. Methods: Data analysis from September 2017 to August 2022, during the 5-year period the paediatric team provided supportive and palliative care in University Hospital Motol. Results: Children with oncological (35%) and neurological diagnosis (34%) are the ones most frequently referred to palliative care. The total number of patients has been steadily increasing. A total of 149 children died...
Regulation of energy balance and eating behaviourThe epidemic of childhood obesity
Jan Lebl, Jana Křenek Malíková, Irena Aldhoon Hainerová
Čes-slov Pediat 2023, 78(1):48-53 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2023/009
Energy balance and eating behaviour are regulated by leptin-melanocortin system that includes afferent signals from peripheral tissues (leptin, ghrelin, insulin, blood glucose), integrative first order neurons in arcuate nucleus, and second order effector neurons in paraventricular and intermediolateral nuclei that express melanocortin receptors. Components of this system have individual genetic a nd epigenetic coding, with partial impact of environmental factors. Abnormal eating behaviour may be due to pathogenic variants of genes encoding key molecules of eating behaviour. Monogenic obesity is characterized by early-onset obesity - in some cases...