JOURNAL OF THE CZECH PEDIATRIC SOCIETY AND THE SLOVAK PEDIATRIC SOCIETY

Čes-slov Pediat 2023, 78(6):335-341 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2023/054

Prehypertension and hypertension in children and adults: the effect of excessive salt and sugar consumption

Jan Janda1, Miloš Velemínský2
1 Pediatrická klinika, 2. lékařská fakulta, Univerzita Karlova a Fakultní nemocnice Motol, Praha
2 Zdravotně sociální fakulta, Jihočeská univerzita, České Budějovice

Autoři definují pojem prehypertenze (PHT) a hypertenze (HT), uvedena je jejich prevalence u dětí a dospělých. Upozorňujeme na tzv. programming PHT a HT již v prenatálním a časném postnatálním období. Uveden je přehled konzumace soli u nás a ve světě ve vztahu k PHT a HT a komplikacím kardiovaskulárních onemocnění (KVO). Je vysvětlen pojem senzitivita,

resp. rezistence při nadměrné dodávce soli podmiňující vzestup krevního tlaku (TK). Stručně jsou uvedeny názory na patofyziologii PHT a HT, shrnuta fakta o konzumaci soli v historii a současnosti a možnosti prevence KVO. Rizika PHT/HT jsou v současnosti spojena s narůstajícím výskytem nadváhy/obezity u dětí a dorostu, ty jsou často spojeny s vysokou konzumací nejen soli, ale i cukru. Shrnujeme

zásady primární prevence PHT/HT a komplikací KVO se zdůrazněním nefarmakologické intervence. Prevence by měla začít již ve věku, kdy o jedince pečují pediatři.

The definition and diagnostics of prehypertension (PHT),

hypertension (HT) and their prevalence in children and adults are presented. Attention was drawn to the PHT and HT programming already in the prenatal and early postnatal period. An overview of very high salt consumption in the Czech Republic and in the world which is connected with PHT, HT and later with complications of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The concept of salt sensitivity/ resistance

is explained. Briefly presented are opinions on the pathophysiology of hypertension. Summarized are the facts about salt consumption in history and the present and possibility of CVD prevention. Recently, the risk of PHT/HT is currently associated with the increasing incidence of overweight/obesity in children and adolescents, who are often associated with high consumption of not only salt, but

also sugar. Summarized are principles of primary prevention of PHT/HT and complications of CVD with emphasis on early non-pharmacological intervention. Prevention of PHT/HT should start already at the age when the individual health care is provided by pediatricians.

Keywords: prehypertension, hypertension, prenatal and postnatal risk factors of CVD, salt and sugar consumption, risk factors for CVD

Accepted: October 23, 2023; Published: December 11, 2023  Show citation

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Janda J, Velemínský M. Prehypertension and hypertension in children and adults: the effect of excessive salt and sugar consumption. Ces-slov Pediat. 2023;78(6):335-341. doi: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2023/054.
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